Environments¶
The environment differs between the normal user and root. This might be the cause for some bugs.
Difference user and root¶
See the following diff between the user and root environment, made with $
env
and # env
:
--- env-user.txt 2014-01-07 08:10:57.297768327 +0100
+++ env-root.txt 2014-01-07 08:10:57.297768327 +0100
@@ -1,76 +1,16 @@
-BROWSER=/usr/bin/firefox
-COLORFGBG=15;0
-DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-TK74xcpHuB
-DEBEMAIL=dev@martin-ueding.de
-DEBFULLNAME=Martin Ueding
-DEBIAN_PACKAGING_DIR=/home/mu/Packaging_Debian
-DEFAULTS_PATH=/usr/share/gconf/kde-plasma.default.path
-DESKTOP_SESSION=kde-plasma
DISPLAY=:0
-EDITOR=/usr/bin/vim
-GDM_LANG=en
-GDMSESSION=kde-plasma
-GNOME_KEYRING_CONTROL=/run/user/1000/keyring-35U0Ew
-GNOME_KEYRING_PID=1784
-GPG_AGENT_INFO=/tmp/gpg-BQD8Wt/S.gpg-agent:1864:1
-GS_LIB=/home/mu/.fonts
-GTK2_RC_FILES=/etc/gtk-2.0/gtkrc:/home/mu/.gtkrc-2.0:/home/mu/.kde/share/config/gtkrc-2.0
-GTK_RC_FILES=/etc/gtk/gtkrc:/home/mu/.gtkrc:/home/mu/.kde/share/config/gtkrc
HOME=/home/mu
-IM_CONFIG_PHASE=1
-INSTANCE=
-JOB=dbus
-KDE_FULL_SESSION=true
-KDE_MULTIHEAD=false
-KDE_SESSION_UID=1000
-KDE_SESSION_VERSION=4
-KONSOLE_DBUS_SERVICE=:1.72
-KONSOLE_DBUS_SESSION=/Sessions/2
-KONSOLE_DBUS_WINDOW=/Windows/1
-KONSOLE_PROFILE_NAME=Shell
LANG=de_DE.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=en
-LESSCLOSE=/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s
-LESS=-FRSXx8
-LESSOPEN=| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s
-LOGNAME=mu
-MAKEFLAGS=-j 4
-MANDATORY_PATH=/usr/share/gconf/kde-plasma.mandatory.path
-MATHEMATICA_HOME=/usr/local/Wolfram/Mathematica/9.0
-PAGER=less -FRSXx8
-PATH=/home/mu/.local/bin:/home/mu/bin:/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
-PROFILEHOME=
-PROJECTS_DIR=/home/mu/Projekte
-PROMPT_DIRTRIM=4
-PWD=/home/mu/Projekte/think-rotate/doc/environment
-QT_PLUGIN_PATH=/home/mu/.kde/lib/kde4/plugins/:/usr/lib/kde4/plugins/
-SESSION=kde-plasma
-SESSION_MANAGER=local/Martin-X220:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/2000,unix/Martin-X220:/tmp/.ICE-unix/2000
-SESSIONTYPE=
+LOGNAME=root
+MAIL=/var/mail/root
+PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
SHELL=/bin/bash
-SHELL_SESSION_ID=a7053eff52fd4000b6f58d0783a5b9ba
-SHLVL=2
-SSH_AGENT_PID=1867
-SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/tmp/ssh-KejIl272p39R/agent.1862
-TAR_ARCHIVE_DIR=/home/mu/Packaging_Debian
+SUDO_COMMAND=/usr/bin/env
+SUDO_GID=1000
+SUDO_UID=1000
+SUDO_USER=mu
TERM=xterm-256color
-TEXTDOMAINDIR=/usr/share/locale/
-TEXTDOMAIN=im-config
-UPSTART_EVENTS=started xsession
-UPSTART_INSTANCE=
-UPSTART_JOB=startkde
-UPSTART_SESSION=unix:abstract=/com/ubuntu/upstart-session/1000/1797
-USER=mu
-_=/usr/bin/env
-WINDOWID=52428826
+USERNAME=root
+USER=root
XAUTHORITY=/tmp/kde-mu/xauth-1000-_0
-XCURSOR_THEME=default
-XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=/etc/xdg/xdg-kde-plasma:/usr/share/upstart/xdg:/etc/xdg
-XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=KDE
-XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/share:/usr/share/kde-plasma:/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/
-XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000
-XDG_SEAT_PATH=/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Seat0
-XDG_SEAT=seat0
-XDG_SESSION_ID=c2
-XDG_SESSION_PATH=/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Session0
-XDG_VTNR=7
Difference user and su
¶
If you look the differences to an environment made with su
, there is less
changed, but still a lot missing. I made the following with (where mu
is my
user account):
# su -c env mu
This is the output:
--- env-user.txt 2014-01-07 08:10:57.297768327 +0100
+++ env-su.txt 2014-01-07 08:10:57.225768328 +0100
@@ -1,76 +1,24 @@
-BROWSER=/usr/bin/firefox
-COLORFGBG=15;0
-DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-TK74xcpHuB
-DEBEMAIL=dev@martin-ueding.de
-DEBFULLNAME=Martin Ueding
-DEBIAN_PACKAGING_DIR=/home/mu/Packaging_Debian
-DEFAULTS_PATH=/usr/share/gconf/kde-plasma.default.path
-DESKTOP_SESSION=kde-plasma
DISPLAY=:0
-EDITOR=/usr/bin/vim
-GDM_LANG=en
-GDMSESSION=kde-plasma
-GNOME_KEYRING_CONTROL=/run/user/1000/keyring-35U0Ew
-GNOME_KEYRING_PID=1784
-GPG_AGENT_INFO=/tmp/gpg-BQD8Wt/S.gpg-agent:1864:1
-GS_LIB=/home/mu/.fonts
-GTK2_RC_FILES=/etc/gtk-2.0/gtkrc:/home/mu/.gtkrc-2.0:/home/mu/.kde/share/config/gtkrc-2.0
-GTK_RC_FILES=/etc/gtk/gtkrc:/home/mu/.gtkrc:/home/mu/.kde/share/config/gtkrc
HOME=/home/mu
-IM_CONFIG_PHASE=1
-INSTANCE=
-JOB=dbus
-KDE_FULL_SESSION=true
-KDE_MULTIHEAD=false
-KDE_SESSION_UID=1000
-KDE_SESSION_VERSION=4
-KONSOLE_DBUS_SERVICE=:1.72
-KONSOLE_DBUS_SESSION=/Sessions/2
-KONSOLE_DBUS_WINDOW=/Windows/1
-KONSOLE_PROFILE_NAME=Shell
LANG=de_DE.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=en
-LESSCLOSE=/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s
-LESS=-FRSXx8
-LESSOPEN=| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s
LOGNAME=mu
-MAKEFLAGS=-j 4
-MANDATORY_PATH=/usr/share/gconf/kde-plasma.mandatory.path
-MATHEMATICA_HOME=/usr/local/Wolfram/Mathematica/9.0
-PAGER=less -FRSXx8
-PATH=/home/mu/.local/bin:/home/mu/bin:/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
-PROFILEHOME=
-PROJECTS_DIR=/home/mu/Projekte
-PROMPT_DIRTRIM=4
+MAIL=/var/mail/mu
+PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
PWD=/home/mu/Projekte/think-rotate/doc/environment
-QT_PLUGIN_PATH=/home/mu/.kde/lib/kde4/plugins/:/usr/lib/kde4/plugins/
-SESSION=kde-plasma
-SESSION_MANAGER=local/Martin-X220:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/2000,unix/Martin-X220:/tmp/.ICE-unix/2000
-SESSIONTYPE=
SHELL=/bin/bash
-SHELL_SESSION_ID=a7053eff52fd4000b6f58d0783a5b9ba
-SHLVL=2
-SSH_AGENT_PID=1867
-SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/tmp/ssh-KejIl272p39R/agent.1862
-TAR_ARCHIVE_DIR=/home/mu/Packaging_Debian
+SHLVL=1
+SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/su -c env mu
+SUDO_GID=1000
+SUDO_UID=1000
+SUDO_USER=mu
TERM=xterm-256color
-TEXTDOMAINDIR=/usr/share/locale/
-TEXTDOMAIN=im-config
-UPSTART_EVENTS=started xsession
-UPSTART_INSTANCE=
-UPSTART_JOB=startkde
-UPSTART_SESSION=unix:abstract=/com/ubuntu/upstart-session/1000/1797
USER=mu
+USERNAME=root
_=/usr/bin/env
-WINDOWID=52428826
XAUTHORITY=/tmp/kde-mu/xauth-1000-_0
-XCURSOR_THEME=default
-XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=/etc/xdg/xdg-kde-plasma:/usr/share/upstart/xdg:/etc/xdg
-XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=KDE
-XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/share:/usr/share/kde-plasma:/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/
XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000
-XDG_SEAT_PATH=/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Seat0
XDG_SEAT=seat0
+XDG_SESSION_COOKIE=550ca4757c0af12b457994cd526d188e-1389078657.209124-1472854378
XDG_SESSION_ID=c2
-XDG_SESSION_PATH=/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Session0
XDG_VTNR=7
Difference user and su -c env
¶
Even if you use env
to recreate the user’s environment, it does not change
anything, apparently:
su -c 'env env' mu
--- env-user.txt 2014-01-07 08:10:57.297768327 +0100
+++ env-su_env.txt 2014-01-07 08:10:57.277768327 +0100
@@ -1,76 +1,24 @@
-BROWSER=/usr/bin/firefox
-COLORFGBG=15;0
-DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-TK74xcpHuB
-DEBEMAIL=dev@martin-ueding.de
-DEBFULLNAME=Martin Ueding
-DEBIAN_PACKAGING_DIR=/home/mu/Packaging_Debian
-DEFAULTS_PATH=/usr/share/gconf/kde-plasma.default.path
-DESKTOP_SESSION=kde-plasma
DISPLAY=:0
-EDITOR=/usr/bin/vim
-GDM_LANG=en
-GDMSESSION=kde-plasma
-GNOME_KEYRING_CONTROL=/run/user/1000/keyring-35U0Ew
-GNOME_KEYRING_PID=1784
-GPG_AGENT_INFO=/tmp/gpg-BQD8Wt/S.gpg-agent:1864:1
-GS_LIB=/home/mu/.fonts
-GTK2_RC_FILES=/etc/gtk-2.0/gtkrc:/home/mu/.gtkrc-2.0:/home/mu/.kde/share/config/gtkrc-2.0
-GTK_RC_FILES=/etc/gtk/gtkrc:/home/mu/.gtkrc:/home/mu/.kde/share/config/gtkrc
HOME=/home/mu
-IM_CONFIG_PHASE=1
-INSTANCE=
-JOB=dbus
-KDE_FULL_SESSION=true
-KDE_MULTIHEAD=false
-KDE_SESSION_UID=1000
-KDE_SESSION_VERSION=4
-KONSOLE_DBUS_SERVICE=:1.72
-KONSOLE_DBUS_SESSION=/Sessions/2
-KONSOLE_DBUS_WINDOW=/Windows/1
-KONSOLE_PROFILE_NAME=Shell
LANG=de_DE.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=en
-LESSCLOSE=/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s
-LESS=-FRSXx8
-LESSOPEN=| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s
LOGNAME=mu
-MAKEFLAGS=-j 4
-MANDATORY_PATH=/usr/share/gconf/kde-plasma.mandatory.path
-MATHEMATICA_HOME=/usr/local/Wolfram/Mathematica/9.0
-PAGER=less -FRSXx8
-PATH=/home/mu/.local/bin:/home/mu/bin:/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
-PROFILEHOME=
-PROJECTS_DIR=/home/mu/Projekte
-PROMPT_DIRTRIM=4
+MAIL=/var/mail/mu
+PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
PWD=/home/mu/Projekte/think-rotate/doc/environment
-QT_PLUGIN_PATH=/home/mu/.kde/lib/kde4/plugins/:/usr/lib/kde4/plugins/
-SESSION=kde-plasma
-SESSION_MANAGER=local/Martin-X220:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/2000,unix/Martin-X220:/tmp/.ICE-unix/2000
-SESSIONTYPE=
SHELL=/bin/bash
-SHELL_SESSION_ID=a7053eff52fd4000b6f58d0783a5b9ba
-SHLVL=2
-SSH_AGENT_PID=1867
-SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/tmp/ssh-KejIl272p39R/agent.1862
-TAR_ARCHIVE_DIR=/home/mu/Packaging_Debian
+SHLVL=1
+SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/su -c env env mu
+SUDO_GID=1000
+SUDO_UID=1000
+SUDO_USER=mu
TERM=xterm-256color
-TEXTDOMAINDIR=/usr/share/locale/
-TEXTDOMAIN=im-config
-UPSTART_EVENTS=started xsession
-UPSTART_INSTANCE=
-UPSTART_JOB=startkde
-UPSTART_SESSION=unix:abstract=/com/ubuntu/upstart-session/1000/1797
USER=mu
+USERNAME=root
_=/usr/bin/env
-WINDOWID=52428826
XAUTHORITY=/tmp/kde-mu/xauth-1000-_0
-XCURSOR_THEME=default
-XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=/etc/xdg/xdg-kde-plasma:/usr/share/upstart/xdg:/etc/xdg
-XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=KDE
-XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/share:/usr/share/kde-plasma:/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/
XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000
-XDG_SEAT_PATH=/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Seat0
XDG_SEAT=seat0
+XDG_SESSION_COOKIE=550ca4757c0af12b457994cd526d188e-1389078657.247557-1009355119
XDG_SESSION_ID=c2
-XDG_SESSION_PATH=/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Session0
XDG_VTNR=7